标签： GPU

1. tools

• nsight in WIN（vs） or Linux (eclipse）
• nvprof in linux cmd line

  
  //in gtx1060 
  nvprof --metrics ipc,issued_ipc,achieved_occupancy,global_hit_rate,local_hit_rate,l2_tex_read_hit_rate,gld_transactions,gst_transactions,local_load_transactions,local_store_transactions,l2_tex_read_transactions,l2_tex_write_transactions,l2_read_transactions,l2_write_transactions,dram_read_transactions,dram_write_transactions,sysmem_read_transactions,sysmem_write_transactions ./wave
  

2. 度量标准 metrics

2.1 Performance

• ipc
  • Instructions executed per cycle
• issued_ipc
  • Instructions issued per cycle
• achieved_occupancy
  • Ratio of the average active warps per active cycle to the maximum number of warps supported on a multiprocessor

说明：本文研究点在 Data Cache，那么一下的提到的L1 Cache 都为 Data Cache

2.2 Cache Hit Rate

L1 Cache

Fermi/Kepler (Capability 2.x/3.x)

• l1_cache_global_hit_rate
  • Hit rate in L1 cache for global loads
• l1_cache_local_hit_rate
  • Hit rate in L1 cache for local loads and stores
• nc_cache_global_hit_rate
  • only for Kepler
  • Hit rate in non coherent cache for global loads

Maxwell/Pascal(Capability 5.x/6.x)

• global_hit_rate
  • Hit rate for global loads
• local_hit_rate
  • Hit rate for local loads and stores

L2 Cache

Fermi/Kepler (Capability 2.x/3.x)

• l2_l1_read_hit_rate
  • Hit rate at L2 cache for all read requests from L1 cache
• l2_tex_read_hit_rate
  • Hit rate at L2 cache for all read requests from texture cache

Maxwell/Pascal(Capability 5.x/6.x)

• l2_tex_read_hit_rate
  • Hit rate at L2 cache for all read requests from texture cache

2.3 Transactions

L1 Cache

Global data

• gld_transactions
  • Number of global memory load transactions
• gld_transactions_per_request
  • Average number of global memory load transactions performed for each global memory load
• gst_transactions
  • Number of global memory store transactions
• gst_transactions_per_request
  • Average number of global memory store transactions performed for each global memory store

Local data

• local_load_transactions
  • Number of local memory load transactions
• local_load_transactions_per_request
  • Average number of local memory load transactions performed for each local memory load
• local_store_transactions
  • Number of local memory store transactions
• local_store_transactions_per_request
  • Average number of local memory store transactions performed for each local memory store

L2 Cache

Fermi/Kepler (Capability 2.x/3.x)

• l2_l1_read_transactions
  • Memory read transactions seen at L2 cache for all read requests from L1 cache
• l2_l1_write_transactions
  • Memory write transactions seen at L2 cache for all write requests from L1 cache

Maxwell/Pascal(Capability 5.x/6.x)

• l2_tex_read_transactions
  • Memory read transactions seen at L2 cache for read requests from the texture cache
• l2_tex_write_transactions

  Both

• l2_read_transactions
  • Memory read transactions seen at L2 cache for all read requests
• l2_write_transactions
  • Memory write transactions seen at L2 cache for all write requests

Only in Kepler

• nc_l2_read_transactions
  • Memory read transactions seen at L2 cache for non coherent global read requests

备注

• 自Kepler架构以来，L1 Cache 对 global data 的默认策略是 bypassing ，只有Fermi架构L1 Cache对 global data 是既可读又可写的，但是不能保持cache coherence 。
• 那么为了保证 cache coherence,nvidia 采取了较为极端的做法，那就是bypassing L1 Cache ，并且在Maxwell 与 Pascal 架构中，与Tex Cache 合并，设置为 Read Only , 但我认为其效果并不佳。最新架构volta又将其架构改为 Fermi 中 L1 Cache 与 Shared memory 可配置的模式。

• 可知，在Maxwell 与 Pascal 架构中，我们就将 tex cache 看成 L1 Data Cache

GDRAM

• dram_read_transactions
  • Device memory read transactions
• dram_write_transactions
  • Device memory write transactions

DRAM

• sysmem_read_transactions
  • System memory read transactions
• sysmem_write_transactions
  • System memory write transactions

​ Influence by L2 Hit Rate

Reference

Read more at: http://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/profiler-users-guide/index.html#ixzz4t4vGKod8
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